Solubility Product Constants Ksp at 25°C

The solid phases of aqion are listed here in two tables (together with the solubility product in form of pKsp = - log10 Ksp):

Only a subset of these minerals enter the equilibrium calculations by default. These ‘equilibrium phases’ are marked with a bullet (•). The user is free to activate or deactivate any other mineral to enter the equilibrium calculations – see here.

Table sorted by mineral formula

  Formula Name pKsp Ref
  (NH4)2CrO4 Amm2CrO4 -0.40 W
• Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3(a) 31.17 W
  Al(OH)3 Gibbsite 33.86 W
  Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Kaolinite   W
  AlOHSO4 Jurbanite 17.22 W
  AlOOH Diaspore 35.09 W
  AlOOH Boehmite 33.39 W
  AsI3 AsI3   W
  Ba3(AsO4)2 Ba3(AsO4)2 50.11 W
• BaCO3 Witherite 8.56 W
  BaCrO4 BaCrO4 9.67 M
• BaF2 BaF2 5.76 W
• BaSO4 Barite 9.97 W
• Ca(OH)2 Portlandite 5.18 W
  Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 Uranophane   W
  Ca0.165Al2.33Si3.67O10(OH)2 Montmorillonite-Ca   W
• Ca5(PO4)3OH Hydroxyapatite 54.45 W
  Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12:26H2O Ettringite -62.54 L
  CaAl2Si2O8 Anorthite   W
  CaCl2 Hydrophilite -11.79 L
  CaCl2:6H2O Antarcticite -4.09 L
• CaCO3 Calcite 8.48 W
  CaCO3 Aragonite 8.34 W
  CaCO3 Vaterite 7.91 1
  CaCO3 CaCO3(a) 6.40 2
  CaCO3:6H2O Ikaite 6.62 2
  CaCO3:H2O CaCO3:H2O 7.33 2
  CaCrO4 CaCrO4 2.27 M
• CaF2 Fluorite 10.60 W
  CaHPO4 Monetite 6.91 M
  CaHPO4:2H2O Brushite 6.61 M
  CaMg(CO3)2 Dolomite 17.09 W
  CaMgSi2O6 Diopside   W
  CaMoO4 Powellite 7.95 M
  CaSO4 Anhydrite 4.36 W
• CaSO4:2H2O Gypsum 4.58 W
  Cd(BO2)2 Cd(BO2)2 -0.60 W
• Cd(OH)2 Cd(OH)2(a) 14.25 W
  Cd3(PO4)2 Cd3(PO4)2 32.60 W
  CdBr2:4H2O CdBr2:4H2O 2.42 W
  CdCl2 CdCl2 0.68 W
  CdCl2:H2O CdCl2:H2O 1.71 W
• CdCO3 Otavite 12.10 W
  CdF2 CdF2 2.98 W
  CdI2 CdI2 3.61 W
• CdS Greenockite 29.92 W
  CdSO4 CdSO4 0.10 W
  CdSO4:H2O CdSO4:H2O 1.66 W
• Cr(OH)2 Cr(OH)2 17.16 M
• Cr(OH)3 Cr(OH)3(A) 33.10 M
• Cr(OH)3 Cr(OH)3(C) 30.65 M
  CrBr3 CrBr3 -29.53 M
  CrCl2 CrCl2 -15.87 M
  CrCl3 CrCl3 -23.13 M
  CrF3 CrF3 3.64 M
  CrI3 CrI3 -30.10 M
  Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 19.34 W
  Cu0.066Cu1.868S Djurleite 47.91 W
  Cu0.25Cu1.5S Anilite 45.87 W
  Cu0.6Cu0.8S BlaubleiI 38.15 W
  Cu0.9Cu0.2S BlaubleiII 41.27 W
  Cu2(OH)2CO3 Malachite 33.16 W
• Cu2(OH)3Cl Atacamite 34.63 W
• Cu2(OH)3NO3 Cu2(OH)3NO3 32.73 W
  Cu2S Chalcocite 48.61 W
  Cu3(AsO4)2:6H2O Cu3(AsO4)2:6w 35.12 W
  Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2 Azurite 44.89 W
  Cu3(OH)4SO4 Antlerite 47.67 W
  Cu3(PO4)2 Cu3(PO4)2 36.85 W
• Cu3(PO4)2:3H2O Cu3(PO4)2:3H2O 35.12 W
  Cu4(OH)6SO4 Brochantite 68.60 W
  Cu4(OH)6SO4:H2O Langite 67.15 W
  CuCl2 Melanothallite -3.73 W
  CuCO3 CuCO3 9.63 W
  CuCrO4 CuCrO4 5.48 M
• CuF2 CuF2 0.62 W
• CuF2:2H2O CuF2:2H2O 4.55 W
  CuFeO2 CuprousFerrite 64.88 W
  CuFeS2 Chalcopyrite 49.26 W
• CuI CuI 11.89 W
  CuO Tenorite 20.36 W
  CuS Covellite 36.26 W
  CuSO4:5H2O Chalcanthite 2.64 W
• Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)2 14.08 L
• Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3(a) 37.08 W
  Fe2O3 Hematite 87.95 W
  Fe3O4 Magnetite 108.18 W
  Fe3S4 Greigite 101.00 W
  Fe3Si2O5(OH)4 Greenalite 63.13 W
• FeAsO4:2H2O Scorodite 20.25 W
• FeCO3 Siderite 10.89 W
  FeCr2O4 FeCr2O4   M
  FeMoO4 FeMoO4 10.09 M
  FeO FeO 14.45 L
  FeOOH Goethite 42.97 W
• FePO4:2H2O Strengite 26.40 W
  FeS FeS(ppt) 17.91 W
  FeS Mackinawite 18.64 W
  FeS2 Pyrite 26.89 W
  H3OFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 JarositeH 75.34 W
• Hg(OH)2 Hg(OH)2 25.38 M
  HgCl2 HgCl2 15.69 M
  HgS Cinnabar 53.08 M
  HgS Metacinnabar 52.72 M
  HgSO4 HgSO4 3.32 M
  K0.6Mg0.25Al2.3Si3.5O10(OH)2 Illite   W
  K0.77Na0.03H0.2Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Jarosite(ss) 90.35 W
  K2Ca(SO4)2:H2O Syngenite 7.60 L
  K2CO3:1.5H2O K2CO3:1.5H2O 3.30 L
  K2Cr2O7 K2Cr2O7 15.67 M
  K2CrO4 K2CrO4 -0.01 M
  K2MoO4 K2MoO4 -3.26 M
  K2SO4 Arcanite 1.80 L
• KAl(SO4)2:12H2O AlumK 5.17 W
  KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Alunite 85.34 W
  KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 Kmica   W
  KAlSi3O8 Adularia   W
  KCl Sylvite -0.85 L
  KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Jarosite-K 93.15 W
  KNaCO3:6H2O KNaCO3:6H2O 6.42 L
  Li2CrO4 Li2CrO4 -4.86 M
• Mg(OH)2 Brucite 11.14 W
  Mg3(PO4)2:22H2O Mg3(PO4)2:22H2O 23.10 3
  Mg3(PO4)2:8H2O Bobierrite 25.20 3
  Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Talc   W
  MgCl2:6H2O Bischofite -4.39 L
  MgCO3 Magnesite 8.03 W
  MgCr2O4 MgCr2O4   M
  MgCrO4 MgCrO4 -5.38 M
  MgHPO4:3H2O Newberyite 5.80 3
  MgMoO4 MgMoO4 1.85 M
  MgNH4PO4:6H2O Struvite 13.17 4
• Mn(OH)2 Pyrochroite 12.78 W
• Mn2(SO4)3 Mn2(SO4)3 5.71 W
  Mn2O3 Bixbyite 84.55 W
  Mn3(AsO4)2:8H2O Mn3(AsO4)2:8H2O 28.71 W
• Mn3(PO4)2 Mn3(PO4)2 23.83 W
  Mn3O4 Hausmannite 54.15 W
• MnCl2:4H2O MnCl2:4H2O -2.71 W
• MnCO3 Rhodochrosite(d) 10.39 W
• MnHPO4 MnHPO4 12.95 W
  MnO2 Pyrolusite 17.84 W
  MnO2 Birnessite 15.62 W
  MnOOH Manganite 18.26 W
  MnS MnS(Green) 10.19 W
• MnSO4 MnSO4 -2.67 W
  Na2Ca(SO4)2 Glauberite 5.47 L
• Na2CO3:10H2O Natron 1.31 W
• Na2CO3:H2O Thermonatrite -0.13 W
  Na2Cr2O7 Na2Cr2O7 9.90 M
  Na2CrO4 Na2CrO4 -3.26 M
  Na2K6(SO4)4 Glaserite 7.61 3
• Na2SO4 Thenardite 0.18 W
• Na2SO4:10H2O Mirabilite 1.11 W
  NaAlSi3O8 Albite   W
• NaCl Halite -1.58 W
  NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 Jarosite-Na 89.22 W
• NaHCO3 Nahcolite 0.55 W
• NaHCO3:Na2CO3:2H2O Trona 0.80 W
• Ni(OH)2 Ni(OH)2 17.18 W
• NiCO3 NiCO3 6.84 W
  NiS Millerite 22.03 W
  Nsutite Nsutite 16.66 W
• Pb(OH)2 Pb(OH)2 19.83 W
  Pb3(AsO4)2 Pb3(AsO4)2 35.40 W
  Pb5(PO4)3Cl Clpyromorphite 84.43 W
  Pb5(PO4)3OH Hxypyromorphite 76.78 W
• PbBr2 PbBr2 5.18 W
• PbBrF PbBrF 8.49 W
  PbClF Matlockite 9.43 W
  PbCO3 Cerrusite 13.13 W
  PbCrO4 PbCrO4 13.68 M
• PbF2 PbF2 7.44 W
  PbHPO4 PbHPO4 11.46 W
• PbI2 PbI2 8.07 W
  PbS Galena 26.77 W
  PbSO4 Anglesite 7.79 W
  S Sulfur 10.52 W
• SiO2 SiO2(a) 2.71 W
  SiO2 Quartz 3.98 W
  SiO2 Chalcedony 3.55 W
  SiO2 Silicagel 3.02 W
• SrCO3 Strontianite 9.27 W
  SrCrO4 SrCrO4 4.84 M
• SrF2 SrF2 8.54 W
• SrSO4 Celestite 6.63 W
  U3O8 U3O8(c)   W
  U4O9 U4O9(c)   W
• UO2 UO2(a) 55.86 W
  UO2 Uraninite(c) 60.76 W
• UO2(OH)2:H2O Schoepite 22.58 W
  UO2CO3 Rutherfordine 14.45 W
  USiO4 Coffinite   W
• Zn(OH)2 Zn(OH)2-c 15.78 W
  Zn3(AsO4)2:2.5H2O Zn3(AsO4)2:2.5w 27.55 W
  Zn3(PO4)2:4H2O Zn3(PO4)2:4w 32.04 W
• ZnCO3 Smithsonite 10.00 W
  ZnS Sphalerite 25.61 W
  ZnS Wurtzite 23.67 W
  ZnS ZnS(a) 23.04 W

Table sorted by mineral name

  Mineral Formula pKsp Ref
  Adularia KAlSi3O8   W
• Al(OH)3(a) Al(OH)3 31.17 W
  Albite NaAlSi3O8   W
• AlumK KAl(SO4)2:12H2O 5.17 W
  Alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 85.34 W
  Amm2CrO4 (NH4)2CrO4 -0.40 W
  Anglesite PbSO4 7.79 W
  Anhydrite CaSO4 4.36 W
  Anilite Cu0.25Cu1.5S 45.87 W
  Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8   W
  Antarcticite CaCl2:6H2O -4.09 L
  Antlerite Cu3(OH)4SO4 47.67 W
  Aragonite CaCO3 8.34 W
  Arcanite K2SO4 1.80 L
  AsI3 AsI3   W
• Atacamite Cu2(OH)3Cl 34.63 W
  Azurite Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2 44.89 W
  Ba3(AsO4)2 Ba3(AsO4)2 50.11 W
  BaCrO4 BaCrO4 9.67 M
• BaF2 BaF2 5.76 W
• Barite BaSO4 9.97 W
  Birnessite MnO2 15.62 W
  Bischofite MgCl2:6H2O -4.39 L
  Bixbyite Mn2O3 84.55 W
  BlaubleiI Cu0.6Cu0.8S 38.15 W
  BlaubleiII Cu0.9Cu0.2S 41.27 W
  Bobierrite Mg3(PO4)2:8H2O 25.20 3
  Boehmite AlOOH 33.39 W
  Brochantite Cu4(OH)6SO4 68.60 W
• Brucite Mg(OH)2 11.14 W
  Brushite CaHPO4:2H2O 6.61 M
  CaCO3(a) CaCO3 6.40 2
  CaCO3:H2O CaCO3:H2O 7.33 2
  CaCrO4 CaCrO4 2.27 M
• Calcite CaCO3 8.48 W
  Cd(BO2)2 Cd(BO2)2 -0.60 W
• Cd(OH)2(a) Cd(OH)2 14.25 W
  Cd3(PO4)2 Cd3(PO4)2 32.60 W
  CdBr2:4H2O CdBr2:4H2O 2.42 W
  CdCl2 CdCl2 0.68 W
  CdCl2:H2O CdCl2:H2O 1.71 W
  CdF2 CdF2 2.98 W
  CdI2 CdI2 3.61 W
  CdSO4 CdSO4 0.10 W
  CdSO4:H2O CdSO4:H2O 1.66 W
• Celestite SrSO4 6.63 W
  Cerrusite PbCO3 13.13 W
  Chalcanthite CuSO4:5H2O 2.64 W
  Chalcedony SiO2 3.55 W
  Chalcocite Cu2S 48.61 W
  Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 49.26 W
  Cinnabar HgS 53.08 M
  Clpyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl 84.43 W
  Coffinite USiO4   W
  Covellite CuS 36.26 W
• Cr(OH)2 Cr(OH)2 17.16 M
• Cr(OH)3(A) Cr(OH)3 33.10 M
• Cr(OH)3(C) Cr(OH)3 30.65 M
  CrBr3 CrBr3 -29.53 M
  CrCl2 CrCl2 -15.87 M
  CrCl3 CrCl3 -23.13 M
  CrF3 CrF3 3.64 M
  CrI3 CrI3 -30.10 M
  Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 19.34 W
• Cu2(OH)3NO3 Cu2(OH)3NO3 32.73 W
  Cu3(AsO4)2:6w Cu3(AsO4)2:6H2O 35.12 W
  Cu3(PO4)2 Cu3(PO4)2 36.85 W
• Cu3(PO4)2:3H2O Cu3(PO4)2:3H2O 35.12 W
  CuCO3 CuCO3 9.63 W
  CuCrO4 CuCrO4 5.48 M
• CuF2 CuF2 0.62 W
• CuF2:2H2O CuF2:2H2O 4.55 W
• CuI CuI 11.89 W
  CuprousFerrite CuFeO2 64.88 W
  Diaspore AlOOH 35.09 W
  Diopside CaMgSi2O6   W
  Djurleite Cu0.066Cu1.868S 47.91 W
  Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 17.09 W
  Ettringite Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12:26H2O -62.54 L
• Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)2 14.08 L
• Fe(OH)3(a) Fe(OH)3 37.08 W
  FeCr2O4 FeCr2O4   M
  FeMoO4 FeMoO4 10.09 M
  FeO FeO 14.45 L
  FeS(ppt) FeS 17.91 W
• Fluorite CaF2 10.60 W
  Galena PbS 26.77 W
  Gibbsite Al(OH)3 33.86 W
  Glaserite Na2K6(SO4)4 7.61 3
  Glauberite Na2Ca(SO4)2 5.47 L
  Goethite FeOOH 42.97 W
  Greenalite Fe3Si2O5(OH)4 63.13 W
• Greenockite CdS 29.92 W
  Greigite Fe3S4 101.00 W
• Gypsum CaSO4:2H2O 4.58 W
• Halite NaCl -1.58 W
  Hausmannite Mn3O4 54.15 W
  Hematite Fe2O3 87.95 W
• Hg(OH)2 Hg(OH)2 25.38 M
  HgCl2 HgCl2 15.69 M
  HgSO4 HgSO4 3.32 M
  Hxypyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3OH 76.78 W
  Hydrophilite CaCl2 -11.79 L
• Hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH 54.45 W
  Ikaite CaCO3:6H2O 6.62 2
  Illite K0.6Mg0.25Al2.3Si3.5O10(OH)2   W
  Jarosite(ss) K0.77Na0.03H0.2Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6 90.35 W
  JarositeH H3OFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 75.34 W
  Jarosite-K KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 93.15 W
  Jarosite-Na NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 89.22 W
  Jurbanite AlOHSO4 17.22 W
  K2CO3:1.5H2O K2CO3:1.5H2O 3.30 L
  K2Cr2O7 K2Cr2O7 15.67 M
  K2CrO4 K2CrO4 -0.01 M
  K2MoO4 K2MoO4 -3.26 M
  Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4   W
  Kmica KAl3Si3O10(OH)2   W
  KNaCO3:6H2O KNaCO3:6H2O 6.42 L
  Langite Cu4(OH)6SO4:H2O 67.15 W
  Li2CrO4 Li2CrO4 -4.86 M
  Mackinawite FeS 18.64 W
  Magnesite MgCO3 8.03 W
  Magnetite Fe3O4 108.18 W
  Malachite Cu2(OH)2CO3 33.16 W
  Manganite MnOOH 18.26 W
  Matlockite PbClF 9.43 W
  Melanothallite CuCl2 -3.73 W
  Metacinnabar HgS 52.72 M
  Mg3(PO4)2:22H2O Mg3(PO4)2:22H2O 23.10 3
  MgCr2O4 MgCr2O4   M
  MgCrO4 MgCrO4 -5.38 M
  MgMoO4 MgMoO4 1.85 M
  Millerite NiS 22.03 W
• Mirabilite Na2SO4:10H2O 1.11 W
• Mn2(SO4)3 Mn2(SO4)3 5.71 W
  Mn3(AsO4)2:8H2O Mn3(AsO4)2:8H2O 28.71 W
• Mn3(PO4)2 Mn3(PO4)2 23.83 W
• MnCl2:4H2O MnCl2:4H2O -2.71 W
• MnHPO4 MnHPO4 12.95 W
  MnS(Green) MnS 10.19 W
• MnSO4 MnSO4 -2.67 W
  Monetite CaHPO4 6.91 M
  Montmorillonite-Ca Ca0.165Al2.33Si3.67O10(OH)2   W
  Na2Cr2O7 Na2Cr2O7 9.90 M
  Na2CrO4 Na2CrO4 -3.26 M
• Nahcolite NaHCO3 0.55 W
• Natron Na2CO3:10H2O 1.31 W
  Newberyite MgHPO4:3H2O 5.80 3
• Ni(OH)2 Ni(OH)2 17.18 W
• NiCO3 NiCO3 6.84 W
  Nsutite Nsutite 16.66 W
• Otavite CdCO3 12.10 W
• Pb(OH)2 Pb(OH)2 19.83 W
  Pb3(AsO4)2 Pb3(AsO4)2 35.40 W
• PbBr2 PbBr2 5.18 W
• PbBrF PbBrF 8.49 W
  PbCrO4 PbCrO4 13.68 M
• PbF2 PbF2 7.44 W
  PbHPO4 PbHPO4 11.46 W
• PbI2 PbI2 8.07 W
• Portlandite Ca(OH)2 5.18 W
  Powellite CaMoO4 7.95 M
  Pyrite FeS2 26.89 W
• Pyrochroite Mn(OH)2 12.78 W
  Pyrolusite MnO2 17.84 W
  Quartz SiO2 3.98 W
• Rhodochrosite(d) MnCO3 10.39 W
  Rutherfordine UO2CO3 14.45 W
• Schoepite UO2(OH)2:H2O 22.58 W
• Scorodite FeAsO4:2H2O 20.25 W
• Siderite FeCO3 10.89 W
  Silicagel SiO2 3.02 W
• SiO2(a) SiO2 2.71 W
• Smithsonite ZnCO3 10.00 W
  Sphalerite ZnS 25.61 W
  SrCrO4 SrCrO4 4.84 M
• SrF2 SrF2 8.54 W
• Strengite FePO4:2H2O 26.40 W
• Strontianite SrCO3 9.27 W
  Struvite MgNH4PO4:6H2O 13.17 4
  Sulfur S 10.52 W
  Sylvite KCl -0.85 L
  Syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2:H2O 7.60 L
  Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2   W
  Tenorite CuO 20.36 W
• Thenardite Na2SO4 0.18 W
• Thermonatrite Na2CO3:H2O -0.13 W
• Trona NaHCO3:Na2CO3:2H2O 0.80 W
  U3O8(c) U3O8   W
  U4O9(c) U4O9   W
• UO2(a) UO2 55.86 W
  Uraninite(c) UO2 60.76 W
  Uranophane Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2   W
  Vaterite CaCO3 7.91 1
• Witherite BaCO3 8.56 W
  Wurtzite ZnS 23.67 W
• Zn(OH)2-c Zn(OH)2 15.78 W
  Zn3(AsO4)2:2.5w Zn3(AsO4)2:2.5H2O 27.55 W
  Zn3(PO4)2:4w Zn3(PO4)2:4H2O 32.04 W
  ZnS(a) ZnS 23.04 W

References

Most of the data are taken from PhreeqC’s thermodynamic databases:

[W] Database wateq4f: J.W. Ball and D.K. Nordstrom: WATEQ4F – User’s manual with revised thermodynamic data base and test cases for calculating speciation of major, trace and redox elements in natural waters, U.S.G.S. Open-File Report 90-129, 1991
[M] Database minteq: J.D. Allison, D.S. Brown, K.J. Novo-Gradac: MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2, A Geochemical Assessment Model for Environmental Systems, Version 3.0, User’s Manual, EPA/600/3-91/021, March 1991
[L] Database llnl: ‘thermo.com.V8.R6.230’ prepared by Jim Johnson at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in Geochemist’s Workbench format. Converted to PhreeqC format by Greg Anderson with help from David Parkhurst (llnl.dat 4023 2010-02-09 21:02:42Z dlpark)

Additional data are taken from:

  1. L.N. Plummer, E. Busenberg: The solubilities of calcite, aragonite and vaterite in CO2-H2O solutions between 0 and 90°C, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46: 1011-1040, 1982 ↩ ↩2

  2. J.Y. Gal, Y. Fovet, N. Gache: Mechanisms of scale formation and carbon dioxide partial pressure influence, Water Res., 36 (2002) 755-763 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  3. Database sit.dat: developed by Amphos 21, BRGM (French Bureau of Research for Geology and Mining), and HydrAsa for ANDRA (French Agency for the Management of Nuclear Waste). ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  4. M. Hanhoun et al.: Temperature impact assessment on struvite solubility product: A thermodynamic modeling approach, Chemical Engineering Journal 167 (2011) 50-58 ↩ ↩2

[last modified: 2017-01-21]